{"id":133511,"date":"2025-02-26T01:35:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-26T01:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gs:8890\/academy\/long-term-incentive-plan-design-what-you-need-to-know\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T10:35:56","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:35:56","slug":"long-term-incentive-plan-design-what-you-need-to-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/insights\/long-term-incentive-plan-design-what-you-need-to-know\/","title":{"rendered":"Long-term incentive plan (LTIP)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>What is a long-term incentive plan (LTIP)?<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A&nbsp;<dfn>long-term incentive plan&nbsp;<\/dfn>(LTIP or LTI plan) is a deferred compensation strategy to attract, reward and motivate your employees, while also helping your company to&nbsp;retain valued talent and grow<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<center><strong>LTIP prevalence:<\/strong> 98% of public companies provide LTIPs while 63% of private companies offer LTIPs. (Source: SHRM)<\/center>\n\n\n\n<p>An LTI plan comes in all sorts of shapes and sizes \u2013 here\u2019s a simple guide to help you find the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/long-term-incentive-plans-ltip\/\"><u>best long-term incentive plan design<\/u><\/a>&nbsp;that suits your company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>How does an LTIP work?<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An LTIP works by rewarding employees (usually senior employees) with cash or shares of company stock (see more here) for meeting specific goals. The goals are usually long-term, running for 3-5 years to stimulate ongoing progress rather than a-few-months objectives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike short-term incentives, LITPs have a built-in retention feature to encourage employees to stick around to receive long-term awards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Who can get LTIPs?<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In theory, all employees can be eligible, but in practice LTIPs are most often reserved for executive- or officer-level and above whether it\u2019s a private or public company. However, because of their liquidity, private companies\u2019 long-term award opportunities for their key employees are about 50% less than public companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Why do companies use LTIPs?<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>LTIPs are a win-win deferred compensation strategy for both employers and employees:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2013 Focus on long-term profits\/benefits<\/strong>: Short-term profits are great but can come at a cost. Oftentimes, they come at the expense of customer relationships and are unsustainable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LTIPs, however, can align your company\u2019s interests with the interests of your employees over a long period of time. They\u2019re not only trying to hit targets for this year, but also moving the company forward to sustain its growth in the long run.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2013 Encourage employees to remain with the company<\/strong>. With LTIPs, you show your employees the most important areas to effect continuous growth and their long-term pay holds them accountable for implementing it over the next couple of years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2013 Save time and money on hiring senior employees<\/strong>. Employee turnover can be an unnecessary black hole for your profits \u2013 according to studies when a business replaces a salaried employee, it costs six to nine months\u2019 salary, on average, to train their replacement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is more of an issue these days when most employees only remain with a company for an average of two years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Talk to us today to establish an LTIP that fits your business\u2019s interests and philosophy.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n<div  class=\"contact-form-block  white\">\n    <script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/js.hsforms.net\/forms\/embed\/v2.js\"><\/script>\n    <script>\n        hbspt.forms.create({\n            target:\".gs-contact-form\",\n            region: \"na1\",\n            portalId: \"5369947\",\n            formId: \"668b4f77-19d2-4df3-a69a-6cffbb2dc9c2\",\n            css: \"\",\n            onFormReady: function($form) {\n                let event = new Event('hubspotFormReady');\n                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BLOCK<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div> <!-- .contact-form-block -->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Different types of long-term incentive plans<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are essentially four different types of long-term incentive plans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LTIP-v-1-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-174574\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LTIP-v-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LTIP-v-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LTIP-v-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LTIP-v-1-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/LTIP-v-1-2048x1152.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>&nbsp;<\/th><th>Appreciation-based award<\/th><th>Time-based award<\/th><th>Performance-based award<\/th><th>Cash-based award<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Meaning<\/td><td>Its value depends on how much the company\u2019s value increases over time<\/td><td>Only available to employees after a certain amount of time in the company<\/td><td>Only available to employees after meeting certain goals, rather than time<\/td><td>Given to employees as a cash bonus<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Examples<\/td><td>Stock options<\/td><td>Restricted share units (RSUs)*<\/td><td>Performance share<\/td><td>Cash Bonus<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>*RSUs are frequently used in an LTIP (<strong>Source<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/hmrc-internal-manuals\/employment-related-securities\/ersm20192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gov.UK<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Which one is right for you? <\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Depending on your industry and your jurisdiction, your company might be better suited to one of these. So, it\u2019s important to understand the positives and negatives of each one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Appreciation-based awards (e.g. options)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2713 PRO:&nbsp;<\/strong>Appreciation-based awards can have massive monetary upsides for employees in the case of company stock price appreciation, particularly in startups and growing companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2713 PRO:&nbsp;<\/strong>This type of award is also very flexible. You can decide when and how often your employees receive the awards by customising the vesting period (i.e. waiting period before receiving 100% award ownership). Check out our \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/insights\/why-vesting-rules-are-so-important\/\">\u2019What is stock vesting?<\/a>&nbsp;\u2019\u2019 guide to design the best vesting schedule for your needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2713 PRO:&nbsp;<\/strong>Employees usually don\u2019t need to pay for their SARs when they\u2019re available after vesting. It means they just simply receive the awards without paying upfront.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2716 CON<\/strong>: Employees, however, need to pay for their stock options at the pre-set price (exercise price) when they decide the exercise (purchase) their options after vesting. They profit by \u2018buy low sell high\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2716 CON<\/strong>: There is a risk with these awards, e.g. they can potentially be worthless when their value drops below the exercise price (i.e. underwater stock option)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Time-based awards (e.g. RSUs)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2713 PRO<\/strong>: Time-based awards have similar positives, but a time-based full-value award such as RSU is guaranteed to have positive value as no upfront payment is needed. So RSUs are considered less risky than stock options.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2713 PRO<\/strong>: They also have a vesting period, which means you can customise the process of making them available to employees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2716&nbsp;CON<\/strong>: Employees cannot control the timing of taxation with RSUs as ordinary income tax is due once they vest. But with stock options, tax only becomes due when they are exercised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Performance-based awards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2713 PRO<\/strong>: Performance-based awards, on the other hand, ensure that employees are not just waiting for their vesting. In order to receive their bonus, the employees need to hit certain targets. It\u2019s easy to see why this is an enticing plan for companies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2716&nbsp;CON<\/strong>: However, if the targets are not set correctly and are too hard to achieve, the employees could lose morale as they don\u2019t receive anything.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cash-based awards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2713 PRO<\/strong>: Cash is the most reliable form of bonus without ownership dilution issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2713 PRO<\/strong>: It is a popular&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/insights\/make-your-ltip-work-for-you\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>LTI award for private companies<\/u><\/a>&nbsp;as they have little liquidity and their share valuation is more complicated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2716 CON<\/strong>: However, if possible, it\u2019s best to avoid these as cash flow is important to your company\u2019s growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2716 CON<\/strong>: Employees receiving cash may not feel as invested in the company as those receiving stock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Understanding LTIPs and vesting<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As mentioned above, vesting is the waiting period before receiving 100% of the LTI ownership. For example, if your vesting period is three years, the incentives will be fully available to you (i.e. you can sell and\/or exercise them) once the 3-year period has passed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two common ways of vesting \u2013&nbsp;<strong>cliff vesting<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>graded\/ratable vesting<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Full Year(s) of Service<\/th><th>3-Year Cliff Vesting<\/th><th>6-Year Graded Vesting<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>0%<\/td><td>0%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>0%<\/td><td>20%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>100%<\/td><td>40%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>Nil<\/td><td>60%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>Nil<\/td><td>80%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>Nil<\/td><td>100%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cliff vesting<\/strong>: After a certain period of time, the employee receives the entire award. For example, an employee might receive all shares in one go once the vesting period has passed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ratable\/graded vesting<\/strong>: It occurs when the award vests a portion at a time. For example, an employee might receive one-fifth of their stock each year after the first year over the six-year vesting period.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vesting is the heart of LTIPs. It\u2019s important to get it right to ensure key employees stay longer. We\u2019ve listed out a number of vesting scenarios&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/insights\/why-vesting-rules-are-so-important\/#importanttogetequityvesting\"><u>here<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>An UK long-term incentive plan example<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.investegate.co.uk\/article.aspx?id=202207011400040669R\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Recently Tesco<\/a>&nbsp;has granted the Executive Directors and members of the Company\u2019s Executive Committee awards under their LTIP 2021, including^ CEO, CFO, CCO, CTO, and Group Communications Director. (^CCO: Chief Customer Officer; CTO: Chief Technology Officer)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The awards have been tied with performance targets. The shares will vest subject to the achievement of the Earnings Per Share, Free Cash Flow, and ESG performance targets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.paygovernance.com\/viewpoints\/do-uk-and-eu-companies-lead-us-companies-in-esg-measurements-in-incentive-compensation-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">study conducted by Pay Governance<\/a>&nbsp;showed that UK and EU companies were well ahead of the US in the inclusion of ESG metrics in incentive plans. The research also revealed the prevalence of ESG metrics in incentive plans was expected to grow due to investor and societal pressures.<\/p>\n\n\n<div  class=\"highlighted-text-block\">\n\n    <p>89% of the UK\/EU companies included ESG metrics in the annual incentive and 41% in the long-term incentive. (<b>Source<\/b>: Pay Governance)<\/p>\n\n<\/div> <!-- .highlighted-text-block -->\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b><strong>Long-term incentive plan design: Getting your LTIP started<\/strong><\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1 \u2013 Figure your company goals<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As we can see, private companies and public companies have very different LTIP approaches because their goals are different. So, understanding your goals and building a plan around them is one of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/insights\/why-is-my-long-term-incentive-plan-not-working\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">long-term incentive plan best practices<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2 \u2013 Choose your LTIP design<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>LTIPs are a very&nbsp;broad category&nbsp;of a compensation scheme. As such, there is a wide range of designs to pick from. There are some considerations when choosing your plan design:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LTI type<\/strong>: Check the last section to compare each incentive\u2019s pros and cons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Number of LTI types<\/strong>: Public companies tend to use multiple LTIP vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vesting schedule<\/strong>: See the previous section<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Eligibility<\/strong>: Although LTIPs are often offered to senior employees, some companies offer incentives to all employees. Always consider your company\u2019s goals!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3 \u2013 Check your compliance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Compliance is the most important step to consider. Particularly if you have multiple offices in different countries \u2013 each of these countries will have its own rules around equity compensation and tax. You will need to find an LTIP that works in all jurisdictions, for all participants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4 \u2013 Communicate your LTIP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>You need to communicate the benefits of your LTIP to your participants effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An effective communications plan starts well before your launch. You\u2019ll want snappy, eye-catching designs, mixed with engaging and jargon-free content with examples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5 \u2013 Administer your plan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>LTIP administration is a complex and ongoing process. It involves everything from tracking and reporting changes in award ownership to updating documents\/policies\/procedures, communicating with stakeholders, consulting your board of directors and staying compliant based on each region your employees are based in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fortunately, you could simplify this process by bringing in the right partner, like&nbsp;<strong>J.P. Morgan Workplace Solutions<\/strong>. Have questions about administering your LITP? Click the button below and let us know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>So, what next? <\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are a lot of choices and a lot of factors that need to be taken into consideration. We\u2019ve presented a few LTIP design options, and a few of their positives and negatives \u2013 but there are many, many more. It\u2019s hard to get all the right answers from reading a blog post.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>J.P. Morgan Workplace Solutions<\/strong>&nbsp;can take you through the launch of your LTIP, from the right design to the right vesting \u2013 and a whole lot more. Contact us for a commitment-free demo today.<\/p>\n\n\n        <div  class=\"block-cta\">\n            <p class=\"centre\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/enterprise-demonstration\/\" title=\" Request a Demo\" class=\"gs-button-new black\" target=\"_self\"> Request a Demo<\/a><\/p>\n        <\/div> <!-- .block-cta -->\n    ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Long-term incentive plan (LTIP)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":167999,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[622,544,827,827],"tags":[548,715,550,724],"class_list":{"0":"post-133511","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-ltip-uk","8":"category-employee-share-plans-uk","9":"category-featured-uk","11":"tag-all-uk","12":"tag-employee-share-plan-uk","13":"tag-equity-explained-uk","14":"tag-ltip-uk"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=133511"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133511\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":175973,"href":"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133511\/revisions\/175973"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/167999"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=133511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=133511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jpmorganworkplacesolutions.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=133511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}